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 d. Bleeding. Bleeding exists when the color of a previous coat is absorbed into the topcoat. Bleeding is
usually caused by the solubility of the color ingredient of the undercoat in the vehicle of the new coat.
e. Blistering. Blistering occurs when the topcoat detaches from the underlying surface in unbroken
areas because of gases or liquid (usually water) forming beneath the coating.
f. Chalking. Chalking is characterized by the presence of a loose powder evolved from the paint film, at
or just beneath the surface. Chalking may be detected by rubbing the film under the fingertips. Slight
chalking is desirable for some applications because the surface becomes self-cleaning. The degree of
chalking is determined by the composition of the paint.
g. Discoloration. Discoloration is an alteration in the original color and includes yellowing, darkening,
fading, and mottling.
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