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 TM 55-1905-223-SDC
5-20. SELF-INFLICTED DAMAGE. To afford access and provide for operating the ship, watertight
boundaries of above-water compartments are pierced by such openings as doors, hatches, and scuttles.
Maximum reserve buoyancy can be realized only when all such openings are properly and tightly closed.
Reserve buoyancy may be impaired by the crew's actions as well as by accidental or battle damage. The
following examples show actions by the crew which lessen the watertight integrity of the ship:
a. Poor maintenance, resulting in lack of tightness in watertight boundaries, closures, or fittings within the
ship.
b. Failure to close properly such fittings as doors and hatches, which violates watertightness.
c. Improper, insufficiently rigid damage control classification of fittings.
5-21. ADDITIONAL TOPSIDE WEIGHT. The discussions that follow are relative to additional topside
weight and its effect on overall stability:
a. Emergency topside loading of this ship - resulting from deck cargo, taking aboard large numbers of
survivors, or icing-up of rigging and superstructure - will impair overall stability because of the consequent rise
in center of gravity as well as loss of freeboard. This will reduce the ship's seaworthiness and ability to
withstand damage.
b. Decisions to carry emergency deck cargo must be taken with full understanding of the dangers
involved and the increased hazard to the ship in the event of damage. Location and magnitude of additional
weights can be used to calculate net decrease in stability resulting from a specified deck load.
c. It is possible that the ship may be called upon to pick up large numbers of survivors. The resulting
additional topside weight can be a matter of grave concern, particularly if the survivors all come topside and
go to one side of the ship simultaneously.
d. Topside structure and rigging ices up in frigid weather, most heavily within 100 miles of the coast. The
resulting reduction in stability makes it necessary to maintain the ship in the most favorably ballasted
condition. Icing is combated by using jets of steam and/or hot salt water, as well as mauls and axes. The
heavy weight increase high in the ship will cause an appreciable rise in the center of gravity. If icing is severe,
the ship may have negative initial stability and will loll or capsize.
5-22. STATUS BOARDS. It is required that a liquid loading diagram be posted at the Damage Control
Station and at repair stations, showing the status of fuel and water tanks. Some ships use mimeographed
copies of the subdivision diagram. Each day the Engineer marks up a new copy. The value of having such a
record available is that it shows which compartments contained liquids before damage, hence did not flood. It
also provides a chart on which to mark up information on the extent of the flooding as this comes in via
communication systems after damage.
5-10
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