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 d. Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether. This chemical is moderately toxic if taken orally. It is irritating and
injurious to the eyes, but is not significantly irritating to the skin. It is readily absorbed through the skin in
toxic amounts and is moderately toxic if inhaled. The current TLV is 25 ppm with a STEL of 75 ppm. It is
currently under study for its potential for adverse reproductive effects. The low volatility of ethylene glycol
monobutyl ether at room temperature considerably reduces the hazard of toxicity from inhalation. Skin
absorption through direct contact with the liquid can add significantly to overall exposure and must be
prevented.
e. Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether. This chemical is low in oral toxicity and is not significantly irritating
to skin. However, it is readily absorbed through the skin. The current TLV is 5 ppm. It is currently under
study for its definite potential for adverse reproductive effects. Skin absorption, if not prevented, can add
significantly to overall exposure.
f. Formic Acid. This acid produces severe primary damage to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It is
suspected that the presence of formic acid in paint remover could, through destruction of skin tissue,
accelerate the absorption of phenol, and their toxic components. The recommended personnel inhalation
TLV (ACGIH) is 5 ppm.
g. Methyl Ethyl Ketone. This chemical can irritate eyes and mucous membranes. Repeated skin contact
with the liquid may cause skin dryness and irritation. Exposure to vapor levels above its 200 ppm TLV
(ACGIH) may cause narcotic effects.
h. Methyl Isobutyl Ketone. The effects of this chemical are the same as those for methyl ethyl ketone,
except that the TLV (ACGIH) is 50 ppm with a STEL of 75 ppm.
i. Methyl Butyl Ketone. The effects of this chemical are the same as those of methyl ethyl ketone,
except that it can also cause nervous system damage. Its TLV (ACGIH) is 1 ppm. An industrial hygienist,
or NRMC Occupational Health Service, shall be consulted before using methyl normal butyl ketone.
j. Paint Thinner, Mineral spirits, Type II, Grade A, Boiling Range 150 C-210C (302F-410F). Paint
thinner vapors are mildly irritating to mucous membranes. Repeated or prolonged skin contact with paint
thinner will dry and defat the skin, resulting in irritation and dermatitis. The personnel TLV (ACGIH) for
Stoddard Solvent, which is comparable to Type II, Grade A, is 100 p/m.
k. Phenol. This hazardous chemical is highly toxic when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through open or
intact skin. Death has been reported to result from absorption of phenol through a skin area as small as
64 square inches. Death from acute exposure to phenol may occur within 30 minutes. The current TLV is
5 ppm.
l. Polyamide. Polyamide has mild skin irritant and skin sensitizing properties.
m. Super High-Flash Naphtha, Boiling Range 157C-179C (153F-353F). This chemical contains up
to 98 percent aromatic hydrocarbons. Some of the aromatics in high-flash naphtha (for example,
mesitylene) are highly toxic by inhalation. However, the low vapor pressure of these components reduces
the inhalation hazard when the solvent is used in ventilated areas. Inhalation of the concentrated vapors
can cause headache, nausea, and coma.
n. Lead Chromate and Zinc Chromate. These chromates are classified as suspected carcinogens by
ACGIH and shall be handled and used accordingly. Whenever possible, materials of lesser toxicity should
be substituted. Overexposure to chromates may result in nasal septum ulceration and respiratory tract
irritation. The TLV has been set at 0.05 mg/m3 (milligrams per cubic meter of air).
requirements that shall be taken to prevent introduction of abrasive-blasting materials into ship spaces
and unprotected equipment, and to prevent injury and property damage, are described below. These
precautions apply to all abrasive blasting operations on and within the vicinity of US Army watercraft.
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